CVEs of 2025.

Deserialization of untrusted data in Windows Server Update Service allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Drop everything exploited Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows Server 2012

External control of file name or path in Internet Shortcut Files allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

exploited Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1507

Microsoft Windows LNK File UI Misrepresentation Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Microsoft Windows. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of .LNK files. Crafted data in an .LNK file can cause hazardous content in the file to be invisible to a user who inspects the file via the Windows-provided user interface. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-25373.

Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 11 23h2

Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Microsoft Scripting Engine allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

exploited Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1507

A spoofing issue in WhatsApp for Windows prior to version 2.2450.6 displayed attachments according to their MIME type but selected the file opening handler based on the attachment’s filename extension. A maliciously crafted mismatch could have caused the recipient to inadvertently execute arbitrary code rather than view the attachment when manually opening the attachment inside WhatsApp. We have not seen evidence of exploitation in the wild.

Code execution OS & kernel Whatsapp

Windows Remote Desktop Services Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows Server 2012

ThrottleStop.sys, a legitimate driver, exposes two IOCTL interfaces that allow arbitrary read and write access to physical memory via the MmMapIoSpace function. This insecure implementation can be exploited by a malicious user-mode application to patch the running Windows kernel and invoke arbitrary kernel functions with ring-0 privileges. The vulnerability enables local attackers to execute arbitrary code in kernel context, resulting in privilege escalation and potential follow-on attacks, such as disabling security software or bypassing kernel-level protections. ThrottleStop.sys version 3.0.0.0 and possibly others are affected. Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Code execution OS & kernel

An Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in the kernel of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows a local attacker with high privileges to compromise the integrity of the device. A local attacker with access to the shell is able to inject arbitrary code which can compromise an affected device. This issue is not exploitable from the Junos CLI. This issue affects Junos OS:  * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, * 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S10,  * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S6,  * 22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S6,  * 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S3,  * 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S4, * 24.2 versions before 24.2R1-S2, 24.2R2.

exploited Code execution OS & kernel Juniper Junos

The RealNetworks RealArcade platform includes an ActiveX control (InstallerDlg.dll, version 2.6.0.445) that exposes a method named Exec via the StubbyUtil.ProcessMgr COM object. This method allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a victim's Windows machine without proper validation or restrictions. This platform was sometimes referred to or otherwise known as RealArcade or Arcade Games and has since consolidated with RealNetworks' platform, GameHouse.

Code execution OS & kernel

An unrestricted file upload vulnerability exists in MiniWeb HTTP Server <= Build 300 that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to upload arbitrary files to the server’s filesystem. By abusing the upload handler and crafting a traversal path, an attacker can place a malicious .exe in system32, followed by a .mof file in the WMI directory. This triggers execution of the payload with SYSTEM privileges via the Windows Management Instrumentation service. The exploit is only viable on Windows versions prior to Vista.

Code execution OS & kernel

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the built-in web interface of DiskBoss Enterprise versions 7.4.28, 7.5.12, and 8.2.14. The vulnerability arises from improper bounds checking on the path component of HTTP GET requests. By sending a specially crafted long URI, a remote unauthenticated attacker can trigger a buffer overflow, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution with SYSTEM privileges on vulnerable Windows hosts.

Code execution OS & kernel

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability in the Python backend, where an attacker could cause an out-of-bounds write by sending a request. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to remote code execution, denial of service, data tampering, or information disclosure.

Code execution OS & kernel Nvidia Triton Inference Server

A vulnerability in the h2oai/h2o-3 REST API versions 3.46.0.4 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via deserialization of untrusted data. The vulnerability exists in the endpoints POST /99/ImportSQLTable and POST /3/SaveToHiveTable, where user-controlled JDBC URLs are passed to DriverManager.getConnection, leading to deserialization if a MySQL or PostgreSQL driver is available in the classpath. This issue is fixed in version 3.47.0.

Code execution OS & kernel h2o

Internet Explorer Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows Server 2022 23h2

Microsoft Digest Authentication Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1507

AudioCodes Fax Server and Auto-Attendant IVR appliances versions up to and including 2.6.23 expose an unauthenticated backup upload endpoint at AudioCodes_files/ajaxBackupUploadFile.php in the F2MAdmin web interface. The script derives a backup folder path from application configuration, creates the directory if it does not exist, and then moves an uploaded file to that location using the attacker-controlled filename, without any authentication, authorization, or file-type validation. On default Windows deployments where the backup directory resolves to the system drive, a remote attacker can upload web server or interpreter configuration files that cause a log file or other server-controlled resource to be treated as executable code. This allows subsequent HTTP requests to trigger arbitrary command execution under the web server account, which runs as NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM.

Code execution OS & kernel Audiocodes Fax Server

In lightning-ai/pytorch-lightning version 2.3.2, a vulnerability exists in the `LightningApp` when running on a Windows host. The vulnerability occurs at the `/api/v1/upload_file/` endpoint, allowing an attacker to write or overwrite arbitrary files by providing a crafted filename. This can lead to potential remote code execution (RCE) by overwriting critical files or placing malicious files in sensitive locations.

Code execution OS & kernel Lightningai Pytorch Lightning

The Flock Safety Android Collins application (aka com.flocksafety.android.collins) 6.35.31 for Android lacks authentication. It is responsible for the camera feed on Falcon, Sparrow, and Bravo devices, but exposes administrative API endpoints on port 8080 without authentication. Endpoints include but are not limited to: /reboot, /logs, /crashpack, and /adb/enable. This results in multiple impacts including denial of service (DoS) via /reboot, information disclosure via /logs, and remote code execution (RCE) via /adb/enable. The latter specifically results in adb being started over TCP without debugging confirmation, providing an attacker in the LAN/WLAN with shell access.

Code execution OS & kernel Flocksafety Flock Safety

DataEase is a data visualization and analytics platform. In DataEase versions through 2.10.13, a JDBC driver bypass vulnerability exists in the H2 database connection handler. The getJdbc function in H2.java checks if the jdbcUrl starts with jdbc:h2 but returns a separate jdbc field as the actual connection URL. An attacker can provide a jdbcUrl that starts with jdbc:h2 while supplying a different jdbc field with an arbitrary JDBC driver and connection string. This allows an authenticated attacker to trigger arbitrary JDBC connections with malicious drivers, potentially leading to remote code execution. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.10.14. No known workarounds exist.

Code execution OS & kernel Dataease

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host versions prior to 1.0.735 and Application prior to 20.0.1330 (Windows client deployments) contain a remote code execution vulnerability during driver installation caused by unquoted program paths. The PrinterInstallerClient driver-installation component launches programs using an unquoted path under "C:\Program Files (x86)\Printer Properties Pro\Printer Installer". Because the path is unquoted, the operating system may execute a program located at a short-path location such as C:\Program.exe before the intended binaries in the quoted path. If an attacker can place or cause a program to exist at that location, it will be executed with the privileges of the installer process (which may be elevated), enabling arbitrary code execution and potential privilege escalation. This weakness can be used to achieve remote code execution and full compromise of affected Windows endpoints. This vulnerability has been identified by the vendor as: V-2022-006 — Driver Upload Security.

Code execution OS & kernel Vasion Virtual Appliance Application

Dataease is an open source data analytics and visualization platform. In Dataease versions up to 2.10.12 the H2 data source implementation (H2.java) does not verify that a provided JDBC URL starts with jdbc:h2. This lack of validation allows a crafted JDBC configuration that substitutes the Amazon Redshift driver and leverages the socketFactory and socketFactoryArg parameters to invoke org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext or ClassPathXmlApplicationContext with an attacker‑controlled remote XML resource, resulting in remote code execution. Versions up to and including 2.10.12 are affected. The issue is fixed in version 2.10.13. Updating to version 2.10.13 or later is the recommended remediation. No known workarounds exist.

Code execution OS & kernel Dataease

The read function in file thinkphp\library\think\template\driver\File.php in ThinkPHP 5.0.24 contains a remote code execution vulnerability.

Code execution OS & kernel Thinkphp

CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data at the eventmesh-meta-raft plugin module in Apache EventMesh master branch without release version on windows\linux\mac os e.g. platforms allows attackers to send controlled message and remote code execute via hessian deserialization rpc protocol. Users can use the code under the master branch in project repo or version 1.11.0 to fix this issue.

Code execution OS & kernel Apache Eventmesh

AudioCodes Fax Server and Auto-Attendant IVR appliances versions up to and including 2.6.23 include a web administration component (F2MAdmin) that exposes an unauthenticated script-management endpoint at AudioCodes_files/utils/IVR/diagram/ajaxScript.php. The saveScript action writes attacker-supplied data directly to a server-side file path under the privileges of the web service account, which runs as NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM on Windows deployments. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can write arbitrary files into the product’s web-accessible directory structure and subsequently execute them.

Code execution OS & kernel Audiocodes Fax Server

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) before Virtual Appliance Host 1.0.735 Application 20.0.1330 allows Driver Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type V-2022-006.

Code execution OS & kernel Printerlogic Vasion Print

A deserialization vulnerability exists in the H2O-3 REST API (POST /99/ImportSQLTable) that affects all versions up to 3.46.0.7. This vulnerability allows remote code execution (RCE) due to improper validation of JDBC connection parameters when using a Key-Value format. The vulnerability is present in the MySQL JDBC Driver version 8.0.19 and JDK version 8u112. The issue is resolved in version 3.46.0.8.

Code execution OS & kernel

Improper input validation in the Wazuh agent for Windows prior to version 4.8.0 allows an attacker with control over the Wazuh server or agent key to configure the agent to connect to a malicious UNC path. This results in the leakage of the machine account NetNTLMv2 hash, which can be relayed for remote code execution or used to escalate privileges to SYSTEM via AD CS certificate forging and other similar attacks.

Code execution OS & kernel Wazuh

IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM VIOS 3.1, and 4.1 NIM server (formerly known as NIM master) service (nimesis) could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper process controls.  This addresses additional attack vectors for a vulnerability that was previously addressed in CVE-2024-56346.

Code execution OS & kernel IBM Vios

An insecure permissions vulnerability in verydows v2.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file type.

Code execution OS & kernel

Untrusted search path in certain Zoom Clients for Windows may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access

Code execution OS & kernel Zoom Meeting Software Development Kit

An issue in the CGI endpoint used to upload configurations in Draytek devices Vigor 165/166 prior to v4.2.6 , Vigor 2620/LTE200 prior to v3.9.8.8, Vigor 2860/2925 prior to v3.9.7, Vigor 2862/2926 prior to v3.9.9.4, Vigor 2133/2762/2832 prior to v3.9.8, Vigor 2135/2765/2766 prior to v4.4.5.1, Vigor 2865/2866/2927 prior to v4.4.5.3, Vigor 2962/3910 prior to v4.3.2.7, Vigor 3912 prior to v4.3.5.2, and Vigor 2925 up to v3.9.6 allows attackers to upload a crafted kernel module, allowing for arbitrary code execution.

Code execution OS & kernel Draytek vigor165 Firmware

An issue was discovered in Exasol JDBC driver before 24.2.1 (2024-12-10). Attackers can inject malicious parameters into the JDBC URL, triggering JNDI injection during the process when the JDBC Driver uses this URL to connect to the database. This can further lead to remote code execution.

Code execution OS & kernel Exasol Jdbc Driver

A logic issue was addressed with improved file handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.2 and iPadOS 18.2, macOS Sequoia 15.2, tvOS 18.2, visionOS 2.2, watchOS 11.2. Restoring a maliciously crafted backup file may lead to modification of protected system files.

Code execution OS & kernel Apple Ipados

NCP Secure Enterprise Client 13.18 and NCP Secure Entry Windows Client 13.19 have an Untrusted Search Path vulnerability.

Code execution OS & kernel ncp-e Ncp Secure Entry Client

Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference vulnerability in bonigarcia webdrivermanager WebDriverManager on Windows, MacOS, Linux (XML parsing components modules) allows Data Serialization External Entities Blowup. This vulnerability is associated with program files src/main/java/io/github/bonigarcia/wdm/WebDriverManager.java. This issue affects webdrivermanager: from 1.0.0 before 6.0.2.

Code execution OS & kernel

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Topal Solutions AG Topal Finanzbuchhaltung on Windows allows Remote Code Execution.This issue affects at least Topal Finanzbuchhaltung: 10.1.5.20 and is fixed in version 11.2.12.00

Code execution OS & kernel

IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM VIOS 3.1, and 4.1 nimsh service SSL/TLS implementations could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper process controls. This addresses additional attack vectors for a vulnerability that was previously addressed in CVE-2024-56347.

Code execution OS & kernel IBM Vios

A vulnerability has been found in h2oai h2o-3 up to 3.46.08. This affects an unknown function of the file /99/ImportSQLTable of the component H2 JDBC Driver. Such manipulation of the argument connection_url leads to deserialization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Code execution OS & kernel h2o

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Storage allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows Server 2012

Untrusted search path in Windows Administrator Protection allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Code execution OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 11 24h2

A flaw has been found in h2oai h2o-3 up to 3.46.08. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /99/ImportSQLTable of the component IBMDB2 JDBC Driver. This manipulation of the argument connection_url causes deserialization. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Code execution OS & kernel h2o

LogicalDOC Enterprise 7.7.4 contains multiple authenticated OS command execution vulnerabilities that allow attackers to manipulate binary paths when changing system settings. Attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities by modifying configuration parameters like antivirus.command, ocr.Tesseract.path, and other system paths to execute arbitrary system commands with elevated privileges.

Code execution OS & kernel

Genexus Protection Server 9.7.2.10 contains an unquoted service path vulnerability in the protsrvservice Windows service configuration. Attackers can exploit the unquoted binary path to execute arbitrary code with elevated LocalSystem privileges by placing malicious executables in specific file system locations.

Code execution OS & kernel

Improper input validation in the OSSEC HIDS agent for Windows prior to version 3.8.0 allows an attacker in with control over the OSSEC server or in possession of the agent's key to configure the agent to connect to a malicious UNC path. This results in the leakage of the machine account NetNTLMv2 hash, which can be relayed for remote code execution or used to escalate privileges to SYSTEM via AD CS certificate forging and other similar attacks.

Code execution OS & kernel

Untrusted Search Path vulnerability in Apache Tomcat installer for Windows. During installation, the Tomcat installer for Windows used icacls.exe without specifying a full path. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.7, from 10.1.0 through 10.1.41, from 9.0.23 through 9.0.105. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100 and 7.0.95 through 7.0.109. Other EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.8, 10.1.42 or 9.0.106, which fix the issue.

Code execution OS & kernel Apache Tomcat

ArcGIS Server versions 11.5 and earlier on Windows and Linux do not sufficiently validate uploaded files, enabling a remote unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to the server’s designated upload directories. However, the server’s architecture enforces controls that restrict uploaded files to non‑executable storage locations and prevent modification or replacement of existing application components or system configurations. Uploaded files cannot be executed, leveraged to escalate privileges, or used to access sensitive data. Because the issue does not enable execution, service disruption, unauthorized access, or integrity compromise, its impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is low. Note that race conditions, secret values, or man‑in‑the‑middle conditions are required for exploitation.

Code execution OS & kernel Esri Arcgis Server

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Discord 1.0.9188 on Windows. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality in the library WINSTA.dll. The manipulation leads to uncontrolled search path. The attack needs to be approached locally. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Code execution OS & kernel Discord

A vulnerability was found in MTSoftware C-Lodop 6.6.1.1 on Windows. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component CLodopPrintService. The manipulation leads to unquoted search path. The attack needs to be approached locally. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 6.6.13 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.

Code execution OS & kernel Lodop c-lodop

The update mechanism in Xtooltech Xtool AnyScan Android Application 4.40.40 and prior is insecure. The application downloads and extracts update packages containing executable code without performing a cryptographic integrity or authenticity check on their contents. An attacker who can control the update metadata can serve a malicious package, which the application will accept, extract, and later execute, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Code execution OS & kernel Xtooltech Xtool Anyscan

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in The Document Foundation LibreOffice allows Windows Executable hyperlink targets to be executed unconditionally on activation.This issue affects LibreOffice: from 24.8 before < 24.8.5.

Code execution OS & kernel Libreoffice