CVE-2025-9230

What it is

Issue summary: An application trying to decrypt CMS messages encrypted using password based encryption can trigger an out-of-bounds read and write. Impact summary: This out-of-bounds read may trigger a crash which leads to Denial of Service for an application. The out-of-bounds write can cause a memory corruption which can have various consequences including a Denial of Service or Execution of attacker-supplied code. Although the consequences of a successful exploit of this vulnerability could be severe, the probability that the attacker would be able to perform it is low. Besides, password based (PWRI) encryption support in CMS messages is very rarely used. For that reason the issue was assessed as Moderate severity according to our Security Policy. The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the CMS implementation is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

At a glance

Exploitability

Can be exploited over the network without logging in. High risk of data exposure, data tampering, service disruption.

Exploit odds

1.6% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).

Fix

A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

1. 2025-09-30 14:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2. 2026-11-09 20:57 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

• Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
• Exploit odds: 1.6% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
• Severity: 9.8 CRITICAL (CVSS).
• Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published

2025-09-30 14:15 UTC

Last modified

2026-11-09 20:57 UTC

Exploit probability

1.6% · EPSS, next 30 days

Weakness

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds read

Record status

Analyzed

Affected

• OpenSSL < 1.0.2zm
• OpenSSL < 1.1.1zd
• OpenSSL < 3.0.18
• OpenSSL < 3.2.6
• OpenSSL < 3.3.5
• OpenSSL < 3.4.3
• OpenSSL < 3.5.4
• Debian Linux 11.0

Attack profile CVSS 3.1 · 9.8

Attack vector

Network

Complexity

Low

Privileges needed

None

User interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Is it in your code?

Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.

Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-9230.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-9230. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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