CVE-2025-54366

8.6 HIGH 1% exploit odds Fix listed Code execution Web app

What it is

FreeScout is a lightweight free open source help desk and shared inbox built with PHP (Laravel framework). In versions 1.8.185 and below, there is a critical deserialization vulnerability in the /conversation/ajax endpoint that allows authenticated users with knowledge of the APP_KEY to achieve remote code execution. The vulnerability occurs when the application processes the attachments_all and attachments POST parameters through the insecure Helper::decrypt() function, which performs unsafe deserialization of user-controlled data without proper validation. This flaw enables attackers to create arbitrary objects and manipulate their properties, leading to complete compromise of the web application. This is fixed in version 1.8.186.

At a glance

Exploitability: Can be exploited over the network with an admin-level account. High risk of data exposure, data tampering, service disruption.
Exploit odds: 1.1% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Fix: A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

2025-07-26 04:16 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2026-06-17 09:39 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
Exploit odds: 1.1% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Severity: 8.6 HIGH (CVSS).
Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published: 2025-07-26 04:16 UTC
Last modified: 2026-06-17 09:39 UTC
Exploit probability: 1.1% · EPSS, next 30 days
Weakness: CWE-502 · Unsafe deserialization
Record status: Analyzed

Affected

Freescout < 1.8.86

Attack profile CVSS 4.0 · 8.6

Attack vector: Network
Complexity: Low
Attack requirements: None
Privileges needed: High
User interaction: None
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: High

Raw vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Is it in your code?

Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.

Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-54366.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-54366. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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Fix and advisories

References

NVD record · CVE.org record