CVE-2025-48886

4.8 MEDIUM 0.3% exploit odds Fix listed Other

What it is

Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those events as finalized as soon as they are recognized by the node participants making such transactions the target of re-org attacks. The system does not currently consider the fact that failed transactions on the Cardano L1 can indeed appear in blocks because these transactions are so infrequent. This issue has been patched in version 0.22.0.

At a glance

Exploitability: Can be exploited over the network with a low-privilege account, but needs a user to act. High risk of data tampering.
Exploit odds: 0.3% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Fix: A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

2025-06-19 15:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2026-06-17 09:30 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
Exploit odds: 0.3% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Severity: 4.8 MEDIUM (CVSS).
Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published: 2025-06-19 15:15 UTC
Last modified: 2026-06-17 09:30 UTC
Exploit probability: 0.3% · EPSS, next 30 days
Weakness: CWE-755
Record status: Deferred

Attack profile CVSS 3.1 · 4.8

Attack vector: Network
Complexity: High
Privileges needed: Low
User interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: High
Availability: None

Raw vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Is it in your code?

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Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-48886.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-48886. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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Fix and advisories

References

NVD record · CVE.org record