CVE-2025-46569

7.4 HIGH 0.5% exploit odds Fix listed Injection Server

What it is

Open Policy Agent (OPA) is an open source, general-purpose policy engine. Prior to version 1.4.0, when run as a server, OPA exposes an HTTP Data API for reading and writing documents. Requesting a virtual document through the Data API entails policy evaluation, where a Rego query containing a single data document reference is constructed from the requested path. This query is then used for policy evaluation. A HTTP request path can be crafted in a way that injects Rego code into the constructed query. The evaluation result cannot be made to return any other data than what is generated by the requested path, but this path can be misdirected, and the injected Rego code can be crafted to make the query succeed or fail; opening up for oracle attacks or, given the right circumstances, erroneous policy decision results. Furthermore, the injected code can be crafted to be computationally expensive, resulting in a Denial Of Service (DoS) attack. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.0. A workaround involves having network access to OPA’s RESTful APIs being limited to `localhost` and/or trusted networks, unless necessary for production reasons.

At a glance

Exploitability: Can be exploited over the network with a low-privilege account. High risk of data exposure, service disruption.
Exploit odds: 0.5% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Fix: A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

2025-05-01 20:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2026-06-17 09:26 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
Exploit odds: 0.5% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Severity: 7.4 HIGH (CVSS).
Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published: 2025-05-01 20:15 UTC
Last modified: 2026-06-17 09:26 UTC
Exploit probability: 0.5% · EPSS, next 30 days
Weakness: CWE-94 · Code injection
Record status: Deferred

Attack profile CVSS 4.0 · 7.4

Attack vector: Network
Complexity: Low
Attack requirements: Present
Privileges needed: Low
User interaction: None
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Raw vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

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Fix and advisories

References

NVD record · CVE.org record