CVE-2025-31161

9.8 CRITICAL 100% exploit odds Drop everything exploited in the wild Fix listed Auth & access Server

What it is

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

At a glance

Exploitability: Can be exploited over the network without logging in. High risk of data exposure, data tampering, service disruption.
In the wild: CISA lists this as exploited in real attacks. Treat as urgent.
Fix: A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

2025-03-27 00:00 UTC ReservedThe CVE id was reserved by its CNA
2025-04-03 20:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2025-04-07 Exploited in the wildAdded to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list
2025-04-28 Remediation deadlineCISA's due date for federal agencies to fix it
2026-06-17 09:09 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

Exploited in the wild: yes, CISA lists it. This puts it above everything that is not.
Exploit odds: 100.0% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Severity: 9.8 CRITICAL (CVSS).
Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.
It meets the bar for Drop everything: critical, and exploited or very likely to be.

Details

Published: 2025-04-03 20:15 UTC
Last modified: 2026-06-17 09:09 UTC
Added to CISA KEV: 2025-04-07
Exploit probability: 100.0% · EPSS, next 30 days
Weakness: CWE-305
Record status: Analyzed

Affected

Crushftp < 10.8.4
Crushftp < 11.3.1

Attack profile CVSS 3.1 · 9.8

Attack vector: Network
Complexity: Low
Privileges needed: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: High

Raw vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Is it in your code?

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Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-31161.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-31161. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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Fix and advisories

References

NVD record · CVE.org record