CVE-2025-27403

What it is

Ratify is a verification engine as a binary executable and on Kubernetes which enables verification of artifact security metadata and admits for deployment only those that comply with policies the user creates. In a Kubernetes environment, Ratify can be configured to authenticate to a private Azure Container Registry (ACR). The Azure workload identity and Azure managed identity authentication providers are configured in this setup. Users that configure a private ACR to be used with the Azure authentication providers may be impacted by a vulnerability that exists in versions prior to 1.2.3 and 1.3.2. Both Azure authentication providers attempt to exchange an Entra ID (EID) token for an ACR refresh token. However, Ratify’s Azure authentication providers did not verify that the target registry is an ACR. This could have led to the EID token being presented to a non-ACR registry during token exchange. EID tokens with ACR access can potentially be extracted and abused if a user workload contains an image reference to a malicious registry. As of versions 1.2.3 and 1.3.2, the Azure workload identity and Azure managed identity authentication providers are updated to add new validation prior to EID token exchange. Validation relies upon registry domain validation against a pre-configured list of well-known ACR endpoints. EID token exchange will be executed only if at least one of the configured well-known domain suffixes (wildcard support included) matches the registry domain of the image reference.

At a glance

Exploitability

Can be exploited over the network without logging in, but needs a user to act. High risk of data exposure.

Exploit odds

0.5% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).

Fix

A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

1. 2025-03-11 15:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2. 2026-06-17 09:03 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Details

Published

2025-03-11 15:15 UTC

Last modified

2026-06-17 09:03 UTC

Exploit probability

0.5% · EPSS, next 30 days

Weakness

CWE-287 · Improper authentication

Record status

Deferred

Attack profile CVSS 4.0 · 7.2

Attack vector

Network

Complexity

Low

Attack requirements

Present

Privileges needed

None

User interaction

Passive

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

None

Availability

None