CVE-2025-25291
What it is
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
At a glance
- Exploitability
- Can be exploited over the network without logging in. High risk of data exposure, data tampering.
- Exploit odds
- 21.0% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS). Higher than most.
- Fix
- A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.
Timeline
- ReservedThe CVE id was reserved by its CNA
- PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
- Last updatedMost recent change to the record
Why it ranks here
- Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
- Exploit odds: 21.0% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
- Severity: 9.3 CRITICAL (CVSS).
- Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.
Details
- Published
- Last modified
- Exploit probability
- 21.0% · EPSS, next 30 days
- Weakness
- CWE-347
- Record status
- Modified
Affected
- Omniauth Saml < 1.10.6
- Omniauth Saml < 2.1.3
- Omniauth Saml < 2.2.3
- Onelogin ruby-saml < 1.12.4
- Onelogin ruby-saml < 1.18.0
- Netapp Storagegrid
Attack profile CVSS 4.0 · 9.3
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- None
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- None
Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Is it in your code?
Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.
Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-25291.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-25291. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.
Fix and advisories
- https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm
- https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
References
- https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
- https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm
- https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
- https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins
- https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/