CVE-2025-25184

What it is

Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10, Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs. When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes. The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile. Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files. Versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10 contain a fix.

At a glance

Exploitability

Can be exploited over the network with a low-privilege account. High risk of data tampering.

Exploit odds

1.2% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).

Fix

A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

1. 2025-02-12 17:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2. 2026-06-17 09:00 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

• Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
• Exploit odds: 1.2% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
• Severity: 5.7 MEDIUM (CVSS).
• Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published

2025-02-12 17:15 UTC

Last modified

2026-06-17 09:00 UTC

Exploit probability

1.2% · EPSS, next 30 days

Weakness

CWE-93

Record status

Modified

Affected

• Rack < 2.2.11
• Rack < 3.0.12
• Rack < 3.1.10

Attack profile CVSS 4.0 · 5.7

Attack vector

Network

Complexity

Low

Attack requirements

None

Privileges needed

Low

User interaction

None

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

High

Availability

None

Is it in your code?

Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.

Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-25184.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-25184. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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