CVE-2025-23205

6.9 MEDIUM 0.5% exploit odds Fix listed Other

What it is

nbgrader is a system for assigning and grading notebooks. Enabling frame-ancestors: 'self' grants any JupyterHub user the ability to extract formgrader content by sending malicious links to users with access to formgrader, at least when using the default JupyterHub configuration of `enable_subdomains = False`. #1915 disables a protection which would allow user Alice to craft a page embedding formgrader in an IFrame. If Bob visits that page, his credentials will be sent and the formgrader page loaded. Because Alice's page is on the same Origin as the formgrader iframe, Javasript on Alice's page has _full access_ to the contents of the page served by formgrader using Bob's credentials. This issue has been addressed in release 0.9.5 and all users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may disable `frame-ancestors: self`, or enable per-user and per-service subdomains with `JupyterHub.enable_subdomains = True` (then even if embedding in an IFrame is allowed, the host page does not have access to the contents of the frame).

At a glance

Exploitability: Can be exploited over the network with a low-privilege account, but needs a user to act. High risk of data exposure.
Exploit odds: 0.5% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Fix: A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

2025-01-17 21:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2026-06-17 08:52 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
Exploit odds: 0.5% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
Severity: 6.9 MEDIUM (CVSS).
Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published: 2025-01-17 21:15 UTC
Last modified: 2026-06-17 08:52 UTC
Exploit probability: 0.5% · EPSS, next 30 days
Weakness: CWE-668 · Resource exposure
Record status: Deferred

Attack profile CVSS 4.0 · 6.9

Attack vector: Network
Complexity: Low
Attack requirements: None
Privileges needed: Low
User interaction: Passive
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Raw vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Is it in your code?

Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.

Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-23205.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-23205. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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Fix and advisories

References

NVD record · CVE.org record