CVE-2025-21728

What it is

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible BPF programs can execute in all kinds of contexts and when a program running in a non-preemptible context uses the bpf_send_signal() kfunc, it will cause issues because this kfunc can sleep. Change `irqs_disabled()` to `!preemptible()`.

At a glance

Exploitability

Can be exploited locally on the machine with a low-privilege account. High risk of service disruption.

Exploit odds

0.2% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).

Fix

A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

1. 2025-02-27 02:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2. 2026-10-15 02:17 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

• Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
• Exploit odds: 0.2% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
• Severity: 5.5 MEDIUM (CVSS).
• Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published

2025-02-27 02:15 UTC

Last modified

2026-10-15 02:17 UTC

Exploit probability

0.2% · EPSS, next 30 days

Record status

Modified

Affected

• Linux Kernel < 5.4.291
• Linux Kernel < 5.6
• Linux Kernel < 5.10.235
• Linux Kernel < 5.15.179
• Linux Kernel < 6.1.129
• Linux Kernel < 6.6.76
• Linux Kernel < 6.12.13
• Linux Kernel < 6.13.2

Attack profile CVSS 3.1 · 5.5

Attack vector

Local

Complexity

Low

Privileges needed

Low

User interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

None

Availability

High

Is it in your code?

Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.

Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-21728.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-21728. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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