CVE-2025-1686
What it is
Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();
At a glance
- Exploitability
- Can be exploited over the network with an admin-level account. Limited direct impact.
- Exploit odds
- 0.8% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).
- Fix
- A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.
Timeline
- PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
- Last updatedMost recent change to the record
Why it ranks here
- Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
- Exploit odds: 0.8% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
- Severity: 4.8 MEDIUM (CVSS).
- Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.
Details
- Published
- Last modified
- Exploit probability
- 0.8% · EPSS, next 30 days
- Weakness
- CWE-73
- Record status
- Analyzed
Affected
- Pebbletemplates Pebble Templates < 4.1.0
Attack profile CVSS 4.0 · 4.8
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- None
- Privileges needed
- High
- User interaction
- None
- Confidentiality
- None
- Integrity
- None
- Availability
- None
Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Is it in your code?
Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.
Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-1686.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-1686. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.
Fix and advisories
- https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/commit/b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d0baaee329
- https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688
- https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/pull/715
References
- https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/commit/b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d0baaee329
- https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/680
- https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688
- https://pebbletemplates.io/wiki/tag/include
- https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594
- https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/pull/715
- https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594