CVE-2025-12058

What it is

The Keras.Model.load_model method, including when executed with the intended security mitigation safe_mode=True, is vulnerable to arbitrary local file loading and Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). This vulnerability stems from the way the StringLookup layer is handled during model loading from a specially crafted .keras archive. The constructor for the StringLookup layer accepts a vocabulary argument that can specify a local file path or a remote file path. * Arbitrary Local File Read: An attacker can create a malicious .keras file that embeds a local path in the StringLookup layer's configuration. When the model is loaded, Keras will attempt to read the content of the specified local file and incorporate it into the model state (e.g., retrievable via get_vocabulary()), allowing an attacker to read arbitrary local files on the hosting system. * Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): Keras utilizes tf.io.gfile for file operations. Since tf.io.gfile supports remote filesystem handlers (such as GCS and HDFS) and HTTP/HTTPS protocols, the same mechanism can be leveraged to fetch content from arbitrary network endpoints on the server's behalf, resulting in an SSRF condition. The security issue is that the feature allowing external path loading was not properly restricted by the safe_mode=True flag, which was intended to prevent such unintended data access.

At a glance

Exploitability

Can be exploited from the same network segment with a low-privilege account, but needs a user to act. High risk of data exposure.

Exploit odds

0.2% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).

Fix

A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

1. 2025-10-29 09:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2. 2026-10-19 13:10 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

• Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
• Exploit odds: 0.2% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
• Severity: 5.9 MEDIUM (CVSS).
• Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published

2025-10-29 09:15 UTC

Last modified

2026-10-19 13:10 UTC

Exploit probability

0.2% · EPSS, next 30 days

Weakness

CWE-502 · Unsafe deserialization

Record status

Deferred

Attack profile CVSS 4.0 · 5.9

Attack vector

Adjacent network

Complexity

High

Attack requirements

Present

Privileges needed

Low

User interaction

Passive

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

Low

Availability

Low

Is it in your code?

Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.

Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2025-12058.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2025-12058. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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