CVE-2023-41325

What it is

OP-TEE is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) designed as companion to a non-secure Linux kernel running on Arm; Cortex-A cores using the TrustZone technology. Starting in version 3.20 and prior to version 3.22, `shdr_verify_signature` can make a double free. `shdr_verify_signature` used to verify a TA binary before it is loaded. To verify a signature of it, allocate a memory for RSA key. RSA key allocate function (`sw_crypto_acipher_alloc_rsa_public_key`) will try to allocate a memory (which is optee’s heap memory). RSA key is consist of exponent and modulus (represent as variable `e`, `n`) and it allocation is not atomic way, so it may succeed in `e` but fail in `n`. In this case sw_crypto_acipher_alloc_rsa_public_key` will free on `e` and return as it is failed but variable ‘e’ is remained as already freed memory address . `shdr_verify_signature` will free again that memory (which is `e`) even it is freed when it failed allocate RSA key. A patch is available in version 3.22. No known workarounds are available.

At a glance

Exploitability

Can be exploited locally on the machine with an admin-level account, but needs a user to act. High risk of data exposure, data tampering.

Exploit odds

0.4% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).

Fix

A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

1. 2023-09-15 20:15 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2. 2026-06-17 06:21 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

• Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
• Exploit odds: 0.4% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
• Severity: 7.4 HIGH (CVSS).
• Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published

2023-09-15 20:15 UTC

Last modified

2026-06-17 06:21 UTC

Exploit probability

0.4% · EPSS, next 30 days

Weakness

CWE-415

Record status

Modified

Affected

• Trustedfirmware op-tee < 3.22.0
• Trustedfirmware op-tee 3.22.0

Attack profile CVSS 3.1 · 7.4

Attack vector

Local

Complexity

Low

Privileges needed

High

User interaction

Required

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

None

Is it in your code?

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