CVE-2016-4558

What it is

The BPF subsystem in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 mishandles reference counts, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (use-after-free) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted application on (1) a system with more than 32 Gb of memory, related to the program reference count or (2) a 1 Tb system, related to the map reference count.

At a glance

Exploitability

Can be exploited locally on the machine with a low-privilege account. High risk of data exposure, data tampering, service disruption.

Exploit odds

0.9% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS).

Fix

A patch, advisory or fixed version is referenced. Upgrade or apply it.

Timeline

1. 2016-05-23 10:59 UTC PublishedDisclosed publicly on CVE.org and NVD
2. 2026-06-17 00:47 UTC Last updatedMost recent change to the record

Why it ranks here

• Exploited in the wild: no, CISA does not list it.
• Exploit odds: 0.9% in the next 30 days (EPSS).
• Severity: 7.0 HIGH (CVSS).
• Fix: a patch or advisory is linked.

Details

Published

2016-05-23 10:59 UTC

Last modified

2026-06-17 00:47 UTC

Exploit probability

0.9% · EPSS, next 30 days

Record status

Modified

Affected

• Linux Kernel < 4.4.11
• Linux Kernel < 4.5.5
• Canonical Ubuntu Linux 14.04
• Canonical Ubuntu Linux 16.04

Attack profile CVSS 3.1 · 7.0

Attack vector

Local

Complexity

High

Privileges needed

Low

User interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Is it in your code?

Hand this to your coding agent. It searches your project for the affected products and checks versions. Nothing leaves your machine.

Read https://cve-list.com/agent/cve/CVE-2016-4558.md and follow it. Check whether this project is affected by CVE-2016-4558. Read only. Don't change anything and don't upload my code. Tell me yes, no or not sure, with the file as proof.

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