The internet is broken right now.

A flaw was found in BusyBox. The udhcpc6 DHCPv6 client does not properly validate the size of network options sent by a server before copying them into memory. A malicious DHCPv6 server on the local network can exploit this flaw by sending a crafted reply, triggering a stack-based buffer overflow. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution with root privileges or cause a denial of service (DoS) crash.

Memory safety OS & kernel

A flaw was found in BusyBox. When the httpd web server processes subdirectory configuration files, an overly long index page name can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker with permissions to write to a subdirectory configuration file could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges or cause a denial of service (DoS) by crashing the server process.

Memory safety Server

A flaw was found in BusyBox. When the TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) client requests a custom small block size and receives a standard response, it falls back to the default block size without resizing the allocated memory buffer. A malicious TFTP server can exploit this issue by sending standard-sized network packets during a transfer, causing a heap buffer overflow. This flaw allows an attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by crashing the application.

Memory safety OS & kernel

A local low privileged attacker can access arbitrary physical memory or define its mapping via TcRouter.sys because of exposed IOCTL function calls resulting in a full compromise of the affected devices.

Memory safety Device

Building a malicious package that uses cgo could bypass "#cgo LDFLAGS" validation and cause unexpected code execution at build time, or cause the go command to panic, via crafted quoting in "//go:cgo_ldflag" directives. When "cmd/cgo" generates "_cgo_gotypes.go", it quotes each "#cgo LDFLAGS" argument with strconv.Quote in a "//go:cgo_ldflag" directive, but "cmd/compile" and "cmd/go" parsed those directives by splitting on raw quote characters without handling backslash escapes or unquoting the string. This mismatch allowed disallowed linker flags or unvalidated linker search paths to be smuggled past the go command's flag checks and passed to the external linker. In addition, deduplicating LDFLAGS in the go command could panic with an out-of-bounds slice index when a prefix of the flag list matched near the end of the slice. "cmd/compile" and "cmd/go" now properly handle backslash-escaped quotes and unquote "//go:cgo_*" pragma strings with strconv.Unquote, and the slice bounds check in processCgoOutputs has been fixed.

Memory safety Library

pam_usb provides hardware authentication for Linux using removable media. Prior to version 0.9.3, src/local.c (pusb_get_tty_from_display_server) allocates a 4096-byte cmdline buffer, reads up to 4096 bytes from /proc//cmdline, then replaces every NUL separator with a space. When read(2) returns exactly 4096 bytes for any process the function inspects, the buffer ends without a terminator and the subsequent strstr() calls scan past the allocation boundary. The function is invoked during normal PAM authentication when DISPLAY is set, so the read fires for every process at auth time. Consequences are bounded: strstr output is a Boolean substring match (limited info-disclosure surface) but a hostile heap layout can produce a SIGSEGV that terminates the host PAM process. This issue has been patched in version 0.9.3.

Memory safety OS & kernel

node-fontnik is a library that delivers a range of glyphs rendered as SDFs (signed distance fields) in a protocol buffer. Prior to version 0.7.7, a crafted font could trigger a heap out-of-bounds write in RenderSDF (include/mapbox/glyph_foundry_impl.hpp). RenderSDF computed the SDF bitmap allocation size as buffered_width * buffered_height in 32-bit unsigned int. Glyph dimensions are derived from the uploaded font's outline bounding box with no upper bound, so a glyph large enough to make that product exceed 2³² wrapped to a small value. The buffer was then under-allocated while the render loop still wrote one byte per pixel, corrupting the heap (CWE-190 → CWE-787) and crashing the process. A 680-byte font is enough to drive FreeType to a 65536×65536 buffered glyph, wrapping the size to 0. This issue has been patched in version 0.7.7.

Memory safety Library

LibreCAD through 2.2.1.6 contains a heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the bundled libdxfrw dwgReader18::parseDataPage() function due to unchecked buffer size and page offsets. Attackers can craft an AC1018 (R2004) DWG file with malicious startOffset values that cause decompress18 to write past the heap buffer when opened, causing crashes and potential code execution.

Memory safety

Operation on a resource after expiration or release in the Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow a malicious hypervisor to manipulate metadata pages potentially resulting in the loss of confidentiality and integrity of guest memory.

Memory safety OS & kernel

An out-of-bounds write in the AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow a malicious hypervisor to corrupt global firmware variables, potentially resulting in loss of integrity.

Memory safety OS & kernel

bt_hci_le_per_adv_report_common() in subsys/bluetooth/host/scan.c handles the HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Report (and _v2) event. It verified that the fixed event header was present and that the controller-declared Data_Length fits the tailroom of the periodic-sync reassembly buffer, but never checked that the event actually carried as many data bytes as evt->length claims. Both reassembly paths — DATA_STATUS_PARTIAL, and DATA_STATUS_COMPLETE while a chain is already in progress — then called net_buf_simple_add_mem(&per_adv_sync->reassembly, buf->data, evt->length), copying up to 255 bytes starting past the end of the event's real payload. The Data_Length field originates in the HCI controller, so the flaw is reachable in host-only/split builds where the controller is a separate part reached over H4 UART, SPI, USB or an inter-core IPC transport: a malicious, compromised or buggy controller (or an attacker able to inject on that link) can send a report declaring a length larger than the event payload. The generic event dispatcher in subsys/bluetooth/host/hci_core.c only enforces a per-event minimum length and never cross-checks the subevent's internal length field, so nothing else catches it. Builds using Zephyr's own in-image controller are not affected, because the controller always emits a length matching the bytes it appends. Exploitation additionally requires CONFIG_BT_PER_ADV_SYNC with CONFIG_BT_PER_ADV_SYNC_BUF_SIZE > 0 (the option defaults to 0, which compiles the reassembly block out; LE Audio broadcast-sink and Public Broadcast Profile applications that reassemble fragmented periodic advertising data set it), and an established periodic advertising sync. The consequence is an out-of-bounds read of adjacent HCI RX-pool memory — including stale contents of previously received HCI events — which is copied into the reassembly buffer and then delivered to every registered bt_le_per_adv_sync_cb.recv listener as if it were received advertising data, so the disclosed memory becomes application-visible and may be forwarded off-device. The write side remains in bounds because the tailroom check uses the same length value, so there is no memory corruption; impact is limited to information disclosure and undefined behaviour on the over-read. The fix drops any report whose declared length exceeds the remaining event payload, matching the guard already present in the extended and legacy advertising report handlers.

Memory safety Device

The simulated EEPROM driver validated access ranges in eeprom_range_is_valid() (drivers/eeprom/eeprom_simulator.c) with a single test, (offset + len) <= config->size. Because offset is a signed off_t and len an unsigned size_t of the same rank, the addition is evaluated in unsigned arithmetic: a negative offset combined with a compensating len wraps the sum back into the accepted range. eeprom_sim_read() and eeprom_sim_write() then memcpy() through the EEPROM(addr) macro, which is plain pointer arithmetic on the driver's static mock_eeprom array, so the copy addresses memory located before that array. eeprom_read() and eeprom_write() are __syscall entry points, and their verification handlers in drivers/eeprom/eeprom_handlers.c check only the device object and the caller's own data buffer (K_SYSCALL_MEMORY_READ/K_SYSCALL_MEMORY_WRITE) — the offset argument is passed to the driver unvalidated. With CONFIG_USERSPACE=y, a CONFIG_EEPROM_SIMULATOR device instance, and the device object granted to a user thread (the usage the in-tree tests/drivers/eeprom/api suite exercises from ZTEST_USER threads), an unprivileged thread could supply a negative offset and have the kernel perform the copy on its behalf. The result is an out-of-bounds read of kernel .bss returned into the caller's buffer and, via the write path, an out-of-bounds write of caller-supplied bytes over kernel memory preceding mock_eeprom. Both the start address and the length of the affected span are attacker-selected, so the primitive is sufficient to corrupt adjacent kernel state and escape the user-mode sandbox. Exposure is limited to builds that instantiate the simulated EEPROM (status = "okay" by default on qemu_x86 and native_sim, otherwise added by a devicetree overlay) together with userspace isolation. The fix rejects negative offsets and performs the remaining bound check without overflow.

Memory safety OS & kernel

The user-mode syscall verifiers for the 16-bit ("wide data") UART API in drivers/serial/uart_handlers.c validated the wrong driver operation. z_vrfy_uart_poll_out_u16(), z_vrfy_uart_tx_u16() and z_vrfy_uart_rx_enable_u16() each ran K_SYSCALL_DRIVER_UART() against the 8-bit op (poll_out, tx, rx_enable) rather than the 16-bit op that the corresponding implementation dereferences (poll_out_u16, tx_u16, rx_enable_u16). z_impl_uart_poll_out_u16(), z_impl_uart_tx_u16() and z_impl_uart_rx_enable_u16() in include/zephyr/drivers/uart/uart_internal.h call their op unconditionally, with no NULL guard of their own, because the verifier is supposed to have established that the op exists. CONFIG_UART_WIDE_DATA is an application-selectable option that no driver selects, and only a handful of the serial drivers in the tree implement any _u16 operation; every other driver leaves those struct uart_driver_api members NULL while still providing the 8-bit ops the old check inspected. In a build with CONFIG_USERSPACE and CONFIG_UART_WIDE_DATA (plus CONFIG_UART_ASYNC_API for the uart_tx_u16() and uart_rx_enable_u16() variants), an unprivileged user-mode thread that legitimately holds access to such a UART device object can invoke the _u16 syscall: the object, permission and op checks all pass, and the kernel-side implementation then performs an indirect call through a NULL function pointer while running at supervisor privilege. The result is a CPU exception taken in kernel context instead of the intended K_OOPS or -ENOSYS return. With the default k_sys_fatal_error_handler() this halts the system (or warm-reboots it under CONFIG_RESET_ON_FATAL_ERROR), so a thread confined by the userspace sandbox can deny service to the whole device — a capability the user-mode privilege boundary is specifically meant to withhold. The call target is a fixed NULL, so there is no attacker-controlled code execution and no memory disclosure; the separate K_SYSCALL_MEMORY_ARRAY_READ()/K_SYSCALL_MEMORY_ARRAY_WRITE() bounds checks on the caller's buffer were and remain correct. The fix points each verifier at the matching _u16 op, using a plain K_SYSCALL_OBJ() object check where the op does not exist or where the implementation already tests it for NULL.

Memory safety OS & kernel

The HTTP/2 front-end of the Zephyr HTTP server aliased connection receive state as a scratch output. In subsys/net/lib/http/http_server_http2.c, handle_http2_static_fs_resource() passed &client->data_len as the file_size out-parameter of http_server_find_file(). client->data_len is the count of unprocessed bytes remaining in the fixed-size per-connection receive buffer client->buffer[CONFIG_HTTP_SERVER_CLIENT_BUFFER_SIZE] (256 bytes by default), an invariant every frame handler and the socket receive path rely on. Serving any static file therefore replaced that bounded value with the file's on-disk size, and nothing resets it afterwards. The defect is reached by an unauthenticated HTTP/2 GET for any file under the web root, in applications that register a static-filesystem resource (HTTP_RESOURCE_TYPE_STATIC_FS) with CONFIG_FILE_SYSTEM=y; CONFIG_HTTP_SERVER_VERSION_2 is enabled by default and no TLS or credentials are required on this path. Once client->data_len exceeds the buffer size, the frame dispatch loop in subsys/net/lib/http/http_server_core.c keeps parsing past the end of the received data, and the peer controls the bytes at client->cursor, so it can choose which fabricated frame the state machine consumes next by appending bytes after its request. The inflated length defeats the only guards on the buffer. parse_http_frame_header() and the per-frame handlers read and skip up to a 24-bit frame length beyond the buffer (out-of-bounds read); the compaction memmove(client->buffer, client->cursor, client->data_len) at the end of request handling copies the file-size number of bytes into the 256-byte buffer, overflowing the rest of struct http_client_ctx — including the current_detail/current_stream pointers, the parser_settings function-pointer table and the inactivity_timer work handler — and the adjacent client contexts in static memory; and the subsequent zsock_recv(client->fd, client->buffer + client->data_len, sizeof(client->buffer) - client->data_len, 0) underflows its size argument, writing attacker-supplied data of attacker-chosen length out of bounds. The impact is remote memory corruption in the server's single address space: at minimum a crash or hang of the device, and plausibly control-data overwrite leading to code execution. The HTTP/1 and HTTP/3 static-filesystem handlers already used a local variable and are unaffected; the fix makes the HTTP/2 handler use a local size_t file_size as well.

Memory safety Server

The RFCOMM multiplexer control-channel handler in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/rfcomm.c computed the echo length for a BT_RFCOMM_TEST command as buf->len - 1 and passed it to rfcomm_send_test(), whose length parameter is a uint8_t. A malformed but FCS-valid UIH frame on DLCI 0 can leave buf->len == 0 after rfcomm_handle_msg() pulls the two-byte MCC header, so buf->len - 1 underflows and narrows to 255. rfcomm_send_test() then copies 255 bytes out of a receive buffer that holds no remaining valid data, and appends them to an outgoing L2CAP PDU allocated with only CONFIG_BT_L2CAP_TX_MTU (253 by default for CONFIG_BT_CLASSIC) bytes of tailroom. The source read runs past the end of the ACL receive buffer into adjacent buffers of the same net_buf pool, and the destination copy overruns the transmit buffer by about eight bytes; net_buf_add_mem() performs no runtime bounds check in ordinary builds, where the underlying __ASSERT_NO_MSG() is compiled out. The trigger is a single five-byte RFCOMM frame on the multiplexer control channel, which is processed as soon as the L2CAP channel for PSM 3 is established — before any DLC exists and independent of RFCOMM session state. bt_rfcomm_init() registers that L2CAP server with .sec_level = BT_SECURITY_L1, which l2cap_br_conn_security() accepts without any link key from a peer that does not claim host Secure Simple Pairing support, so an unpaired BR/EDR device in radio range of a connectable target with CONFIG_BT_RFCOMM enabled (SPP, HFP, HSP, GOEP and similar profiles all enable it) can reach the defect. The resulting 255-byte TEST response is transmitted back to the attacker, disclosing roughly 255 bytes of adjacent stack/pool memory — including the contents of neighbouring receive buffers, which an attacker can prime with earlier packets — and the accompanying out-of-bounds write corrupts memory following the transmit buffer, which can crash the Bluetooth host. The request is trivially repeatable, so both the disclosure and the corruption can be driven at will. Two fixes are needed, and the first on its own does not close the out-of-bounds write. Fix 1 (0040ef781e1d, #115768) strips the FCS byte in rfcomm_recv() and echoes buf->len, rejecting anything over UINT8_MAX, which removes the underflow and the over-read. But rfcomm_make_uih_msg() still allocates the response with bt_l2cap_create_pdu() and never compares the requested length with the buffer's tailroom, so a well-formed TEST command carrying a pattern of about 248 bytes or more still builds a response (3-byte frame header, 2-byte message header, pattern, FCS) larger than the 253 bytes available. A pattern that long can only be received when the RFCOMM L2CAP receive MTU (CONFIG_BT_RFCOMM_L2CAP_MTU, which defaults to CONFIG_BT_BUF_ACL_RX_SIZE) exceeds CONFIG_BT_L2CAP_TX_MTU. The plain BR/EDR defaults (200 against 253) cannot reach it, but from v4.3.0 enabling CONFIG_BT_GOEP raises CONFIG_BT_BUF_ACL_RX_SIZE to 264 (265 from v4.4.0), so GOEP builds with only fix 1 applied still overrun the transmit buffer by up to eight bytes. This includes v4.3.2, the last v4.3 release, which carries fix 1 but will not receive fix 2. Fix 2 (214530895dd3, #118293) checks the tailroom on every RFCOMM PDU allocation and closes this residual write.

Memory safety Server

Improper resource reuse in the AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow an attacker with hypervisor access to write to the Reverse Map Table (RMP) protected memory, potentially resulting in loss of guest memory integrity.

Memory safety OS & kernel

Improper access control within the AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow an attacker with administrative privileges to tamper with memory, potentially resulting in loss of guest memory integrity.

Memory safety OS & kernel

Improper handling of overlap between protected memory ranges in the Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow a privileged attacker to cause misconfigurations in the RMP potentially resulting in loss of integrity.

Memory safety OS & kernel

Improper validation of unsafe equivalence in input could allow an attacker with high privileges to reclaim the ring buffer queue status page, potentially resulting in loss of guest memory integrity.

Memory safety OS & kernel

Premiere Pro is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for the Ruby programming language. Prior to 1.19.5, the CRuby native extension can leave Ruby wrappers pointing to freed memory when Nokogiri::XML::Node#[]= or Nokogiri::XML::Node#lang= replaces an existing attribute value after code has accessed the attribute's child nodes. Replacing the value frees native child nodes while their wrappers remain reachable, and later use of those wrappers can cause an invalid read or process segfault. JRuby is not affected. This issue is fixed in version 1.19.5.

Memory safety Library

After Effects is affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

A use-after-free in the time-series collection component of MongoDB Server can occur when the server validates a time-series bucket document during a write. The condition can be caused by an authenticated user with privileges to write bucket documents directly, and may result in the server terminating unexpectedly or, under certain conditions, arbitrary code execution in the context of the server process.

Memory safety Server

A use-after-free in the aggregation framework of MongoDB Server can occur when certain expressions are evaluated in an aggregation sub-pipeline. The condition can be caused by an authenticated user with read privileges, and may result in the server terminating unexpectedly.

Memory safety Server

A use-after-free weakness in MongoDB Server's server-side JavaScript support for aggregation may allow a stale reference to previously freed process memory to be read and returned. An authenticated user with minimal or no assigned roles can trigger this condition over the normal network protocol by submitting a single crafted aggregation request, with no additional privileges or non-default configuration. Successful triggering this issue may result in adjacent process memory contents being returned, including data that undermines memory-layout randomization, and may in some cases affect server availability.

Memory safety Server

A memory-management flaw in the server-side JavaScript execution component of MongoDB Server can allow an authenticated user holding only read privileges to cause the server to access memory that has already been released. By submitting a specially crafted database command that runs user-supplied JavaScript, the user can cause a bounded amount of adjacent process memory to be returned in the command's result. This results in the user obtaining information they are not authorized to access. Integrity and availability are not affected.

Memory safety Server

A use-after-free in the replication component of MongoDB Server can occur when a newly elected replica set primary completes catch-up. The condition can be caused by requests that do not require authentication, and may result in the server terminating unexpectedly or, under certain conditions, arbitrary code execution in the context of the server process. Replica set members are affected, including the shard and config server replica set members of sharded clusters; standalone mongod instances are not.

Memory safety Server

Photoshop Desktop is affected by a NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability that could result in an application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, leading to a denial-of-service condition. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Premiere Pro is affected by a NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability that could result in an application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, leading to a denial-of-service condition. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Audition is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Audition is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by a NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability that could result in an application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, leading to a denial-of-service condition. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Photoshop Desktop is affected by a NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability that could result in an application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, leading to a denial-of-service condition. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Audition is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Audition is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Media Encoder is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Media Encoder is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Audition is affected by a NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability that could result in an application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, leading to a denial-of-service condition. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Media Encoder is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

Media Encoder is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

After Effects is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety

After Effects is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Memory safety