The internet is broken right now.

The Xtensa MMU userspace port never initialized the per-thread page-table pointer thread->arch.ptables during thread setup, while arch_mem_domain_thread_add() in arch/xtensa/core/ptables.c uses a non-NULL value of that field as its "this thread is migrating from another memory domain" predicate. For a thread whose struct k_thread backing memory is not zeroed, the field holds stale data and the kernel takes the migration branch, passing that stale value to reset_region() as the base of a level-1 page table. The equivalent field on x86 is explicitly cleared in z_x86_userspace_prepare_thread() for exactly this reason; the Xtensa port adopted the predicate without the initialization. The condition is reachable from an unprivileged user-mode thread on a build with CONFIG_XTENSA_MMU, CONFIG_USERSPACE and dynamically allocated kernel objects. k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD) is a system call and allocates the thread object from the caller's resource pool without zeroing it, and the k_thread_create() verifier accepts such an object while forcing the K_USER option, so the migration branch is taken whenever the recycled heap bytes at that offset are non-zero. Because a user thread can also allocate, fill and free other kernel objects from the same heap, the stale bytes are groomable rather than merely random. Walking the bogus table in region_map_update() performs an unguarded index into l2_page_tables_counter[], may copy from and write through the attacker-influenceable level-1 base in dup_l2_table_if_needed(), and finally writes a page-table entry through a second pointer read out of that memory — once per page of the new thread's stack. The result is out-of-bounds reads and writes executed in supervisor mode, ranging from an immediate kernel panic (observed as Xtensa EXCAUSE 13 on Intel ADSP DSP firmware with user threads) to corruption of kernel memory and escape from the user-mode sandbox.

Memory safety OS & kernel Zephyrproject Zephyr

FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in vp8_lossy_decode_alpha() in libavcodec/webp.c that leaves alpha plane memory uninitialized for short uncompressed ALPH chunks. Attackers can supply a crafted WebP image whose ALPH chunk is shorter than width * height to disclose stale pixel data from previously decoded frames.

Memory safety

Out of bound access in PPC due to race condition in global variable access

Memory safety Device

Wasmtime before 36.0.16, 37.0.0 before 48.0.3, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.1 contains a denial of service vulnerability in wasmtime-wasi that allows guest WASI programs to panic the host via overflowing filesystem timestamps. Attackers can pass atim or mtim values whose sub-second field overflows the seconds field to path_filestat_set_times, fd_filestat_set_times, set-times, or set-times-at, crashing the host.

Memory safety

A heap buffer overflow in HPE NonStop NDSREST could corrupt resume-execution address and may potentially redirect execution flow.

Memory safety

A heap buffer overflow in HPE NonStop OCAX could corrupt address space and may potentially redirect execution flow.

Memory safety OS & kernel

A heap buffer overflow in HPE NonStop Inspect Subsystem could corrupt resume-execution address and may potentially redirect execution flow.

Memory safety

AMI APTIOV contains vulnerabilities in BIOS where users may cause “Integer Overflow or Wraparound” by local access. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to buffer overflows, memory corruption, and arbitrary code execution, and also impact Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

Memory safety

AMI APTIOV contains vulnerabilities in BIOS where users may cause  "Out-of-bounds Write” by local access. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to buffer overflows, memory corruption, and arbitrary code execution, and also impact Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

Memory safety

A vulnerability was detected in Tiiny-AI PowerInfer up to 8bd56d69906c9d2dba4d3bf6899763401e01a9a4. Affected is the function create_striped_mat_to_gpu of the file smallthinker/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu of the component FFN GPU-split Loader. The manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit is now public and may be used. This product utilizes a rolling release system for continuous delivery, and as such, version information for affected or updated releases is not disclosed. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.

Memory safety

A vulnerability was determined in Tiiny-AI PowerInfer up to 8bd56d69906c9d2dba4d3bf6899763401e01a9a4. Impacted is the function gguf_init_from_file of the file ggml.c of the component GGUF Parser. This manipulation of the argument data_offset causes out-of-bounds read. The attack requires local access. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This product uses a rolling release model to deliver continuous updates. As a result, specific version information for affected or updated releases is not available. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.

Memory safety Library

ImageMagick 7.1.0-20 before 7.1.2-32 contains a use after free vulnerability in the -fx option that occurs when a memory allocation fails during a specific operation. Attackers who can supply crafted -fx expressions under memory pressure can trigger freed memory access, causing crashes or memory corruption.

Memory safety Imagemagick

wlroots before 0.20.2 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in read_surface_class() in xwayland/xwm.c that allows local X11 clients to leak compositor heap memory. Attackers can set a WM_CLASS property with a NUL-terminated instance but unterminated class, exposing over-read heap bytes as the window class or app_id over IPC.

Memory safety

ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak caused by a missing cleanup when the -set profile option is used. An attacker who induces a user to process images with the -set profile option can leak memory, potentially exhausting resources and causing a denial of service.

Memory safety Imagemagick

ImageMagick before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak vulnerability in PerlMagick that fails to free values returned when reading image properties. Attackers can repeatedly trigger property reads through five affected PerlMagick code locations to exhaust memory and cause denial of service.

Memory safety Imagemagick

ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak in the handling of the -cdl (color decision list) option, where allocated memory is not cleaned up after use. Attackers can supply input that causes the -cdl option to be processed, repeatedly leaking memory and degrading availability through resource exhaustion.

Memory safety Imagemagick

Tokio is a runtime for writing applications with Rust. In 1.54.0, a race condition between tokio::time::Interval::poll_tick (including .tick().await) and the multi-threaded runtime's time driver could drop an internal timer entry without synchronizing with the driver thread that was firing it. The race caused a use-after-free on the timer's waker and task state in safe Rust, which could produce assertion panics, task reference-count corruption, or heap memory corruption. This issue is fixed in 1.54.1.

Memory safety Library

A flaw was found in the DPDK vhost library. When handling a virtio indirect descriptor table, the host reads the table length more than once from guest memory and can allocate a host copy before validating that length. A guest that changes the length between those reads, or that supplies an out-of-range next index on a small host copy in the vDPA relay path, can cause the host vhost process to walk past the validated mapping or heap copy. That can crash or disrupt the vhost process. Out-of-bounds bytes are consumed as descriptor fields for GPA translation and are not returned to the guest as payload. This is a residual issue in the non-contiguous indirect descriptor copy path introduced as part of the CVE-2018-1059 fix.

Memory safety Library

Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager for Linux. This issue affects Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager for Linux: from 7.5.0-00 before 9.0.5-00.

Memory safety

Fraunhofer HHI VVdeC before 3.2.1 contains a heap use-after-free vulnerability in DecLibRecon::createSubPicRefBufs because decompressPicture clears m_subPicExtTasks without waiting for pending tasks. Attackers can supply a crafted multi-subpicture VVC bitstream to decoders using two or more threads, causing heap memory corruption or a decoder crash.

Memory safety

In do_fault_around of memory.c, there is a possible use after free due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Memory safety OS & kernel Google Android

In multiple functions of fork.c, there is a possible use after free due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Memory safety OS & kernel Google Android

In multiple functions of dma-buf.c, there is a possible use after free due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Memory safety Google Android

In fuse_backing_mmap of backing.c, there is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Memory safety OS & kernel Google Android

A vulnerability in HPE NonStop Kernel Level Thread Model Lib can cause stack buffer overflow which can allow arbitrary code execution.

Memory safety OS & kernel

A heap buffer overflow in HPE NonStop Posix User Threads may allow arbitrary code execution.

Memory safety OS & kernel

A security vulnerability in HPE NonStop TNS/X Native Inspect may cause corruption of address and potentially redirect execution flow.

Memory safety

In Modem, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01320076; Issue ID: MSV-6889.

Memory safety

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper system calls to allocate physical memory. A 32-bit integer overflow in the KM driver during page-to-byte conversion of an allocation size can result in an undersized kernel buffer allocation. This may allow unallocated or previously allocated physical pages to be mapped into an attacker-controlled GPU MMU context, leading to disclosure of sensitive kernel data.

Memory safety OS & kernel

A security vulnerability in HPE NonStop TSQLFIL may cause address space corruption when a specific API is called.

Memory safety Server

A flaw was found in Eye of GNOME. When parsing a specially crafted PNG image containing malformed color profile metadata, the application fails to validate chunk boundaries while searching for a null terminator. An attacker could trick a user into opening a malicious image, causing the application to read past the allocated buffer. This issue can lead to an application crash, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS), or potentially expose sensitive memory contents.

Memory safety

A use-after-free vulnerability in the Windows WFP callout driver of Akamai Guardicore Platform Agent (GPA) allows a local low-privileged user to cause a denial of service (system crash / BSOD) via an outbound ICMPv6 packet containing an IPv6 Hop-by-Hop extension header. When the IPv6 ICMP redirect policy is active, the packet is copied into a buffer that is freed but subsequently passed to a downstream filter. The size of the freed allocation is attacker-controlled (via packet length), enabling kernel pool grooming. Exploitation requires that the non-default IPv6 ICMP capture/redirect policy is enabled for the endpoint.

Memory safety OS & kernel

In Eclipse ThreadX versions 6.0.1 through 6.5.2.202603, ThreadX Modules does not revoke a module's trace-buffer-full callback when the module is stopped and unloaded. With event tracing enabled and a kernel-owned trace buffer still active, a later buffer wrap invokes the callback from privileged thread context after the module's code has been released, so a user-mode module can have its code run with kernel privileges after unload, or, once the memory is reused, redirect control flow or cause a fault.

Memory safety OS & kernel

A flaw was found in GCC. An out-of-bounds memory access vulnerability exists in the libstdc++ parallel search implementation due to an undersized internal buffer. A local attacker can exploit this flaw by providing crafted search data to an application compiled with parallel mode, causing the process to crash and leading to a Denial of Service (DoS).

Memory safety Library

In multiple locations, there is a possible memory corruption due to a use-after-free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Memory safety Google Android

A use-after-free vulnerability in the pybddisasm Python bindings affects structure-valued members of INSTRUX objects. These members are exposed through Python objects that reference memory owned by the parent INSTRUX object. A retained reference to a member does not keep the parent allocation alive. Accessing the member after the parent INSTRUX object has been freed therefore accesses freed memory. Depending on how the member is used and whether the freed allocation has been reused, this may expose process memory or cause the Python process to crash. Exploitation requires an application to retain and subsequently access a member reference after the parent object has been freed. The pybddisasm package is no longer maintained.

Memory safety Library

A use-after-free vulnerability in the pybddisasm Python bindings affects array-valued members of INSTRUX objects, including ND_OPERAND arrays. These arrays are exposed as Python lists whose elements reference memory owned by the parent INSTRUX object. Retaining a list or an element does not keep the parent allocation alive. Accessing an element after the parent INSTRUX object has been freed therefore accesses freed memory. Depending on how the element is used and whether the freed allocation has been reused, this may expose process memory or cause the Python process to crash. Exploitation requires an application to retain and subsequently access an array element after the parent object has been freed. The pybddisasm package is no longer maintained.

Memory safety Library

A use of uninitialized memory vulnerability in the pybddisasm Python bindings may disclose process memory when instruction decoding fails. The nd_decode, nd_decode_ex, nd_decode_ex2, and nd_decode_with_context functions may return an INSTRUX object whose contents have not been initialized after an unsuccessful decoding operation, including failures caused by invalid parameters. Accessing members of the returned object may expose residual process memory. Exploitation requires an application to access and expose the returned object contents after a decoding failure. The pybddisasm package is no longer maintained.

Memory safety Library

A use of uninitialized memory vulnerability in the pybddisasm Python bindings affects nd_to_text. If the underlying text conversion fails, including failures caused by invalid parameters, the output buffer may remain uninitialized while still being converted into a Python return value. This may disclose residual process memory or cause the Python process to crash. Exploitation requires an application to invoke nd_to_text in a way that causes conversion to fail and to return or otherwise use the resulting output. The pybddisasm package is no longer maintained.

Memory safety Library

Out-of-bounds read vulnerabilities in the pybddisasm Python bindings may disclose adjacent process memory during instruction decoding. The nd_decode function may read up to 15 bytes without checking the actual length of the supplied Python buffer. The nd_decode_ex, nd_decode_ex2, and nd_decode_with_context functions pass the caller-supplied buffer size to the decoder without validating it against the actual length of the Python buffer. Data read beyond the buffer may be exposed through nd_get_instrux_bytes, which returns a fixed-length list of 16 bytes. Exploitation requires an application to invoke the affected APIs with a short buffer or an oversized length and to expose the resulting bytes to an attacker. The pybddisasm package is no longer maintained.

Memory safety Library

In multiple locations, there is a possible use-after-free due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Memory safety Device Google Android

In kvm_vfio_pviommu_attach of vfio.c, there is a possible double free due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Memory safety OS & kernel Google Android

In usb, there is a possible system crash due to use after free. This could lead to local denial of service if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11411916; Issue ID: MSV-9747.

Memory safety

In display, there is a possible system crash due to a logic error. This could lead to local denial of service if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11410704; Issue ID: MSV-9574.

Memory safety OS & kernel

In usb, there is a possible system crash due to use after free. This could lead to local denial of service if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11412004; Issue ID: MSV-9752.

Memory safety

Improper validation of array index vulnerability in Samsung Open Source Vyond allows Input Data Manipulation. This issue affects Vyond: before be6e297b0c4836e20d73b2f8a40a561ea496ebaa.

Memory safety

A flaw was found in DPDK lib/vhost vhost-crypto. The indirect-descriptor snapshot double-fetches a guest descriptor next index, allowing a malicious guest to cause an out-of-bounds access in the host backend.

Memory safety

A security vulnerability in HPE NonStop TMF Auditread2 can cause  Denial of Service.

Memory safety

Incomplete cleanup in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 157.0.8103.38 allowed a local attacker to read memory via a local program. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Memory safety Browser & mail Google Chrome

The arm64 MMU backend invalidates a single virtual address from the TLB with invalidate_tlb_page() in arch/arm64/core/mmu.c, which issued TLBI VAE1{IS} with an operand of virt >> 12. That operand encodes the ASID in bits [63:48], so the invalidation only ever matched ASID 0 (the kernel page tables) and global entries. Memory domains, however, are allocated ASIDs starting at 1 in arch_mem_domain_init(), and every domain-private leaf created by private_map() is mapped with MT_NG, i.e. non-global. A domain's cached translation therefore survived the invalidation. All callers of invalidate_tlb_page() are demand-paging paths. When the eviction algorithm reclaims a frame, page_frame_prepare_locked() in kernel/mmu.c calls arch_mem_page_out(), which marks the kernel leaf invalid, propagates the invalid descriptor into every domain via sync_domains(), and then flushes only ASID 0. do_page_fault() immediately reuses the very same page frame for the incoming mapping through arch_mem_page_in(). A user thread that had already touched the evicted page — a k_mem_partition added with arch_mem_domain_partition_add(), or its own stack mapped by map_thread_stack() — retains a valid EL0 read/write translation to that physical frame under its own ASID. Unprivileged code running in a user thread can drive memory pressure to force eviction and then keep accessing the stale address, obtaining read and write access to whatever the kernel subsequently placed in that frame: supervisor data, another memory domain's partition, or another thread's stack. This defeats the isolation that CONFIG_USERSPACE is meant to enforce, allowing information disclosure and memory corruption up to full compromise of the system. The fix switches the implementation to TLBI VAAE1{IS}, which matches every ASID and both global and non-global entries, so no domain-tagged translation survives a page out, dirty-bit update or access-flag clear. Exploitation requires an arm64 build with both CONFIG_USERSPACE and CONFIG_DEMAND_PAGING enabled, an active backing store, and at least one demand-paged page that is also privately mapped into a user memory domain. The same commit additionally stops globalize_table() from stripping EL0 permission and non-global attributes off domain-private leaves during paging synchronization, which previously caused user threads to lose access to their own partitions and stacks.

Memory safety OS & kernel