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CivetWeb through 1.16, when built with USE_HTTP2 and enable_http2 on, contains a use-after-free vulnerability in handle_http2() that retains freed :method and :path pointers. Unauthenticated remote attackers can send a later HEADERS frame omitting these pseudo-headers to influence request method or path seen by access rules, or crash the server.

Memory safety Web app

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 8.2.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow's tiled-TIFF decoder can read past the tile buffer while copying four-byte pixels. In _decodeTile, libtiff can return a tile allocation smaller than the required row stride multiplied by the tile length, and Pillow's stride-and-copy loop walks beyond that allocation. An attacker can supply a crafted tiled TIFF to an application that loads it. This can expose adjacent heap data in pixels or crash the process. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.

Memory safety Library Python Pillow

A flaw was found in the GNU debugger (GDB). When GDB connects to a remote debug target, a malicious target can cause GDB to overflow a buffer on the stack while parsing the target's replies. This can crash GDB or potentially allow the target to execute arbitrary code in the GDB client process with the privileges of the user running GDB.

Memory safety Device

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the boa formTR069Config functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

Memory safety

Multiple exploitable stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formFilter functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities. This vulnerability deals with the vpnPassword parameter.

Memory safety

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the boa formUploadFile functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

Memory safety Web app

Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup static network configuration functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities. This vulnerability concerns the static_ipv6 parameter.

Memory safety

Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup static network configuration functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities. This vulnerability concerns the static_gw parameter.

Memory safety Network gear

Multiple exploitable stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup dhcp_dns functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities. This vulnerability concerns the dhcp_dns1 parameter.

Memory safety

Multiple exploitable stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the boa formIpv6Setup dhcp_dns functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities. This vulnerability concerns the dhcp_dns2 parameter.

Memory safety

mp4v2 2.0.0 contains a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability in MP4File::GenerateTracks() in src/mp4file.cpp. This allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service

Memory safety

A flaw has been found in Tenda BE3L Pro 16.03.60.62. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWifiBasicSet of the file /goform/WifiBasicSet. This manipulation of the argument security_5g causes buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.

Memory safety Network gear

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the streaming RPC client of Apache bRPC (versions 1.11.0 through  1.17.0) on all platforms. A client that creates multiple streams in a single RPC expects the server response to carry exactly one extra_stream_id for every additional stream. The response handling path indexed the returned identifiers using the locally created stream count without first validating the size of the returned list, so a malicious or compromised server (or an on-path attacker) can trigger an out-of-bounds read in the client by returning a malformed StreamSettings response with fewer extra_stream_ids than expected. This may crash the client process (denial of service) or leak unintended memory contents into subsequent stream handling; surplus identifiers have no valid client-stream mapping and are processed inconsistently. Root Cause: Since bRPC 1.11.0, a client can create multiple streams in one RPC via batch StreamCreate. The expected behavior is that the server response must return exactly (N-1) extra_stream_ids, where N is the number of locally created streams. In Controller::HandleStreamConnection, the response path reads extra_stream_ids[i-1] for each additional local stream without first comparing the returned list size with (N-1). If the server returns fewer identifiers, the read runs past the end of the returned list (out-of-bounds read); if it returns more, the surplus identifiers have no corresponding client-side stream. Affected Scenarios: A bRPC client using multi-stream RPC (creating more than one stream in a single RPC) that connects to an untrusted, malicious, or compromised server or to a server reached through an untrusted network path. The server sends a malformed StreamSettings response to trigger the issue. How to Fix: (Choose one of the following options)  1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.18.0, which fixes this issue. 2. Apply this patch: https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3485 Note: The fix makes the client reject responses whose extra_stream_ids count does not exactly match the number of additional client streams. Such mismatched responses now fail the RPC with ERESPONSE and go through the existing stream cleanup path, instead of being partially processed.

Memory safety Server

Use after free in Accessibility in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Memory safety Browser & mail Google Chrome

Use after free in Paint in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Memory safety Browser & mail Google Chrome

Use after free in Accessibility in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Memory safety Browser & mail Google Chrome

snap7 through 1.4.3 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in TSnap7MicroClient::opReadArea() that allows malicious S7 peers to overflow client buffers via an unchecked DataLength field. Rogue or impersonated PLCs can return crafted ReadVar responses causing memcpy of up to 65535 bytes into caller buffers, crashing SCADA, HMI, or gateway processes and corrupting memory.

Memory safety Device

Out-of-bounds read in Windows Storage Port Driver allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information with a physical attack.

Memory safety OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1607

An integer overflow vulnerability in the WebSocket connection handling used by WatchGuard Fireware OS's Access Portal allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to write beyond the bounds of a heap buffer by sending a specially crafted request while the Access Portal feature is enabled.

Memory safety Network gear

An Improper Validation of Syntactic Correctness of Input vulnerability in the VPN daemon of Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series allows an authenticated, network-based attacker to take complete control of the device. If an SRX device configured for AutoDiscovery VPN (ADVPN) receives a message from a peer that contains one or more specifically malformed attributes, this will cause a buffer overflow, which can allow remote code execution and therefore allow an attacker to take complete control of the device. To be able to carry out this attack an attacker must either have acquired the shared secret to impersonate a peer or have compromised an existing one, so this attack is considerably difficult. This issue affects Junos OS on SRX Series: * All versions before 23.2R2-S7.7; * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S7; * from 24.2 before 24.2R2-S4; * from 24.4 before 24.4R2-S3; * from 25.2 before 25.2R2; * from 25.4 before 25.4R1-S3.

Memory safety Network gear

Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Bluetooth Driver allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges with a physical attack.

Memory safety OS & kernel

Kafka Streams derives its stream-time clock from record timestamps. PunctuationSchedule.next() computed the next punctuation time as timestamp + (intervalsMissed + 1) * interval with no overflow check. A record with a timestamp at or near Long.MAX_VALUE advances stream time to that value, so the next stream-time punctuation overflows to a negative time. PunctuationQueue then re-queues that time and loops on it indefinitely while holding a lock, stalling the StreamThread. Impact: A single record is enough. The affected StreamThread stops processing, and because the record stays in the topic the hang returns on restart; an application whose partitions are all affected becomes unresponsive. Only the Streams application is affected, not the brokers or the cluster. Triggering it needs write access to a source topic whose topology uses stream-time punctuation, and a broker that stores the record: brokers from Apache Kafka 4.0.0 reject such a timestamp by default (log.message.timestamp.after.max.ms, one hour), so it is reachable only on older brokers or where that bound has been relaxed. Mitigation: Upgrade Kafka Streams to 4.2.2, 4.3.2, or 4.4.0. As defense in depth, keep log.message.timestamp.after.max.ms bounded on source topics and restrict write access to them. Resolution: From Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, and 4.4.0: the next punctuation time is computed with overflow-checked arithmetic (clamped to Long.MAX_VALUE), and a rescheduled punctuation is re-queued only when its time moves forward.

Memory safety

Use after free in Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Memory safety OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1607

A stack-based buffer overflow exists in Kamailio v6.1.3 and v6.1.4 in the ims_registrar_pcscf module. When processing a crafted application/reginfo+xml NOTIFY message, process_contact() copies an attacker-controlled port value from the alias parameter into a fixed 5-byte stack buffer without validating its length. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger stack corruption and terminate the P-CSCF process, resulting in denial of service.

Memory safety Library

Invalid pointer in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.

Memory safety Browser & mail

Incorrect boundary conditions in the XML component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.

Memory safety Browser & mail

A vulnerability was detected in TOTOLINK CA300-PoE 6.2c.884. Affected by this issue is the function UploadCustomModule of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument File results in buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.

Memory safety

FreeRDP before 3.32.2 has an out-of-bounds write in the proxy because rdp_read_bitmap_cache_v2_capability_set rejects only numCellCaches values above 5, yet the bitmap cache v2 cell array is later accessed at fixed indices 0 through 4. A client connecting to the proxy can declare fewer than five cell caches in its Confirm Active, causing heap corruption, heap data leakage to the backend, or a crash.

Memory safety Library Freerdp

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 4.1.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow's MSP RLE decoder can expand a small file into an unbounded in-memory buffer. The decoder writes run-length output to BytesIO without limiting expansion to the declared image size. An attacker can supply a crafted MSP image to an application that loads its pixels. This can exhaust memory and deny service even when the declared pixel count passes the decompression-bomb check. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.

Memory safety Library Python Pillow

JavaCV provides Java interfaces to OpenCV, FFmpeg, and other multimedia libraries. Prior to 1.5.14, IPCameraFrameGrabber doubles a 32-bit buffer capacity without checking for overflow or bounding the parsed Content-Length. An application consumes an MJPEG response from a malicious camera endpoint or a tampered plaintext stream. The source can return an oversized Content-Length header in an MJPEG stream. Successful exploitation can trap the frame-grabbing thread in a permanent CPU-spinning loop and deny service. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.14.

Memory safety Device

mouse07410/asn1c is an ASN.1 compiler. Prior to 1.2.5, `OPEN TYPE` decoding can dereference an unallocated member pointer and crash the consuming program. `OPEN_TYPE_aper_get` in `OPEN_TYPE_aper.c`, `OPEN_TYPE_ber_get` in `OPEN_TYPE_ber.c`, `OPEN_TYPE_oer_get` in `OPEN_TYPE_oer.c`, and `OPEN_TYPE_uper_get` in `OPEN_TYPE_uper.c` share the pattern: a conditional null check on `*memb_ptr2` resets presence only when the member exists, but execution then unconditionally computes an inner value from that pointer and a member offset. If the `OPEN TYPE` member has not been allocated, the null-pointer arithmetic and subsequent read cause a segmentation fault. The advisory demonstrates UPER and APER crashes for `E2connectionUpdateAcknowledge`, notes that `E2AP` uses APER, and provides a BER reproducer; OER is also explicitly identified as affected. This issue is fixed in version 1.2.5.

Memory safety

In EPICS Base release 7.0.10 and prior, an integer overflow in network request processing can cause memory to be allocated with an incorrect size. Subsequent handling of attacker supplied data may result in memory corruption, denial of service, or potential remote code execution.

Memory safety

NASA JPL ION-DTN 2.1.0 through 4.2.0 contains a heap buffer under-allocation vulnerability in the Asynchronous Message Service daemon (amsd) that allows a rogue or misconfigured peer to trigger an out-of-bounds write by sending crafted Meta-AMS (MAMS) configuration management messages that are processed without cryptographic authentication. Attackers can exploit the insufficient buffer size calculation for the internal state-event object to crash the active Configuration Server thread, causing a denial of service and potentially destabilizing subsequent shared-memory allocations in amsd.

Memory safety Server

Use after free in Browser in Google Chrome on on Android prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Memory safety Browser & mail Google Chrome

Incorrect object recycling and re-use vulnerability in Apache Tomcat affecting HTTP/2 processing of asynchronous servlets can trigger request and/or response mix-up between users. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.22 through 11.0.26, from 10.1.55 through 10.1.60, from 9.0.118 through 9.0.122. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.27, 10.1.61 or 9.0.123, which fixes the issue.

Memory safety Web app

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Memory safety OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Memory safety OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Timescale pgvectorscale before 0.9.1 contains a type confusion vulnerability that allows low-privileged database users to corrupt memory by shadowing pgvector's vector type or operators. Attackers with CREATE privilege on the vectorscale schema can pre-create shadow objects, then build and query DiskANN indexes over crafted values to cause out-of-bounds reads and writes, disclosing memory, crashing the server, or escalating privileges.

Memory safety Server

In EmberZNet 9.1.1 and earlier, a malformed GetGroupMembership message can result in an out-of-bounds write leading to a crash. A limited number of values can be written using this vulnerability, so no route to remote code execution was observed. These messages must come from a device that has already joined the network. Only devices supporting the Group Cluster are impacted.

Memory safety Device Silabs Emberznet

Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Memory safety Microsoft 365 Apps

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges with a physical attack.

Memory safety OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1809

Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Kernel Mode Driver allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges with a physical attack.

Memory safety OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Overlay Filter allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code with a physical attack.

Memory safety OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Overlay Filter allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code with a physical attack.

Memory safety OS & kernel Microsoft Windows 10 21h2

FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 contains an integer truncation vulnerability in license_check_stream_length that allows a malicious RDP server to trigger a heap buffer overflow on 32-bit clients. Attackers can send a crafted SERVER_LICENSE_REQUEST with a large scopeCount that bypasses length checks, causing out-of-bounds writes leading to denial of service or remote code execution.

Memory safety Server Freerdp

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 27.2, iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, visionOS 27.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash.

Memory safety Browser & mail Apple Safari

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Tahoe 26.7.2. Processing a maliciously crafted image may lead to unexpected app termination.

Memory safety OS & kernel Apple Ipados

Raptor RDF Syntax Library from 2.0.15 through 2.0.16 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in raptor_new_term_from_counted_literal() caused by truncating language tag length to an unsigned char. Attackers can supply Turtle, TriG, N-Triples or N-Quads documents with language tags of 256 bytes or longer to corrupt heap memory, crash applications, and possibly execute code.

Memory safety Library

Several Kafka deserialization paths read a size or count field from input data and use it directly to allocate an array, collection, or byte buffer, with no check against the bytes actually available. A small crafted input can therefore declare a very large size and force a multi-gigabyte allocation. The affected paths are, in Kafka Streams, ProcessorRecordContext (header count), ChangedDeserializer (varint value length), CombinedKeySchema (foreign-key length, which could also produce a negative size), ProcessorMetadata (key length), and AssignmentInfo group-assignment decoding; and, in the clients library, ListDeserializer (used by ListSerde). Impact: An attacker can trigger the oversized allocation and raise an OutOfMemoryError that crashes the affected consumer or Kafka Streams thread; the broker and the rest of the cluster are unaffected. The reachable surface depends on the path: writing a crafted record to a Streams application's internal changelog or repartition topics, or committing crafted offset metadata to its consumer group (Streams internal paths); writing a crafted record to any topic that a consumer reads with ListSerde (ListDeserializer); or, as a member of a Streams consumer group, returning crafted assignment data when elected leader (AssignmentInfo). Because a crafted record remains in its topic, the error can recur on restart. The record size limit (max.message.bytes) does not help, because the allocation is driven by a size field rather than by the input's length. Mitigation: Upgrade to Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, or 4.4.0. Where authorization is enabled, restrict write access to each application's internal topics and consumer group to its own principal, and restrict who can produce to topics that are consumed with ListSerde. Resolution: From Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, and 4.4.0: these deserialization paths validate the declared size against the remaining input before allocating and reject input that fails the check.

Memory safety Library

Web::Simple versions before 0.035 for Perl allocate a buffer sized by the Content-Length header for urlencoded body parameters. Web::Dispatch::ParamParser::get_unpacked_body_from reads an application/x-www-form-urlencoded body using a single read call, with no cap and the return value ignored. Perl's read grows the buffer to the requested length before reading, so the declared Content-Length determines the allocation. An attacker can trigger this through any route whose dispatch specification has a % body-parameter match, such as sub (POST + %name=), sending a Content-Length far larger than the body actually sent. No authentication is involved.

Memory safety Web app